Perio Protect Columbus, OH

At our Columbus, Ohio dental office, we understand how serious gum disease can be. When harmful bacteria infect the gum tissue, your body responds with inflammation—leading to bleeding gums, gum recession, and, if left untreated, eventual tooth loss. Even more concerning, these bacteria can enter the bloodstream, increasing your risk for cardiovascular disease and other systemic health issues.

Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common but often silent condition that affects the health of your gums and the supporting structures of your teeth. Recognizing the signs early can help prevent more serious dental problems down the road. Below, we break down the symptoms of gum disease by stage.

Early Signs of Gum Disease (Gingivitis)

In the early stage of gum disease, known as gingivitis, the symptoms are mild but important to catch. Red, swollen, or tender gums are often the first signs. You may notice bleeding when brushing or flossing, especially along the gumline. Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth may also develop. Other early symptoms include gums that look shiny, feel puffy, or are more sensitive to temperature. Mild gum recession may start to occur, causing teeth to appear slightly longer.

Moderate Symptoms of Gum Disease (Early Periodontitis)

As gingivitis progresses into early periodontitis, the damage extends below the gumline. Gums may begin to pull away from the teeth, forming small pockets where bacteria can grow. Bleeding may occur more frequently, not just while brushing, but also during eating. Bad breath and unpleasant taste often become persistent. You may start to feel your teeth shifting, becoming slightly loose, or your bite feeling different. These are signs that the supporting structures of your teeth are being compromised.

What Are Periodontal Pockets?

As gum disease advances, it creates periodontal pockets—spaces that develop between the teeth and the gum tissue. These pockets form as the gum detaches from the tooth, allowing harmful anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that thrive without oxygen) to colonize the area. These bacteria release sulfur compounds that cause chronic bad breath and contribute to inflammation. In response, your immune system tries to fight off the infection, but the resulting inflammation can damage gum tissue and even lead to bone loss if left untreated. The deeper the pocket, the more severe the gum disease.

Advanced Periodontal Disease (Moderate to Severe Periodontitis)

In the advanced stages of gum disease, the damage can be extensive and permanent if left untreated. Deep periodontal pockets form around the teeth, and pus may be visible between the gums and teeth. Teeth may become very loose or shift significantly. You might experience pain or discomfort while chewing, and significant gum recession may make your teeth appear unusually long. At this stage, bone loss in the jaw is common, which can be seen on dental X-rays. Tooth loss becomes a serious concern.

Uncommon or Overlooked Gum Disease Symptoms

Not all signs of gum disease are obvious. Some less common symptoms include changes in how dentures or dental appliances fit, new gaps forming between teeth, or a general sense of pressure or discomfort in the gums. You may also feel increased sensitivity during brushing or dental cleanings. These signs, although subtle, may indicate a deeper issue and should not be ignored.

Why Early Detection of Gum Disease Matters

When caught early, gum disease can often be reversed with professional cleanings and improved oral hygiene. Left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis and lead to tooth loss, bone damage, and long-term oral health problems. If you’re experiencing any of these signs or symptoms of gum disease, schedule a dental evaluation as soon as possible.